ls | سیاره گنو/لینوکس فارسی

ls

آوریل

LS(1) User Commands LS(1)

NAME

ls – list directory contents

SYNOPSIS

ls [OPTION]… [FILE]…

DESCRIPTION

List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of

-cftuvSUX nor –sort.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

-a, –all

do not ignore entries starting with .

-A, –almost-all

do not list implied . and ..

–author

with -l, print the author of each file

-b, –escape

print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters

–block-size=SIZE

use SIZE-byte blocks. See SIZE format below

-B, –ignore-backups

do not list implied entries ending with ~

-c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status information) with -l: show

ctime and sort by name otherwise: sort by ctime

-C list entries by columns

–color[=WHEN]

colorize the output. WHEN defaults to `always’ or can be `never’ or `auto’. More info below

-d, –directory

list directory entries instead of contents, and do not dereference symbolic links

-D, –dired

generate output designed for Emacs’ dired mode

-f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls –color

-F, –classify

append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries

–file-type

likewise, except do not append `*’

–format=WORD

across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C

–full-time

like -l –time-style=full-iso

-g like -l, but do not list owner

–group-directories-first

group directories before files.

augment with a –sort option, but any use of –sort=none (-U) disables grouping

-G, –no-group

in a long listing, don’t print group names

-h, –human-readable

with -l, print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)

–si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

-H, –dereference-command-line

follow symbolic links listed on the command line

–dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir

follow each command line symbolic link that points to a directory

–hide=PATTERN

do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN (overridden by -a or -A)

–indicator-style=WORD

append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default), slash (-p), file-type (–file-type), clas‐

sify (-F)

-i, –inode

print the index number of each file

-I, –ignore=PATTERN

do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

-k like –block-size=1K

-l use a long listing format

-L, –dereference

when showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file the link references rather

than for the link itself

-m fill width with a comma separated list of entries

-n, –numeric-uid-gid

like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs

-N, –literal

print raw entry names (don’t treat e.g. control characters specially)

-o like -l, but do not list group information

-p, –indicator-style=slash

append / indicator to directories

-q, –hide-control-chars

print ? instead of non graphic characters

–show-control-chars

show non graphic characters as-is (default unless program is `ls’ and output is a terminal)

-Q, –quote-name

enclose entry names in double quotes

–quoting-style=WORD

use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape

-r, –reverse

reverse order while sorting

-R, –recursive

list subdirectories recursively

-s, –size

print the allocated size of each file, in blocks

-S sort by file size

–sort=WORD

sort by WORD instead of name: none -U, extension -X, size -S, time -t, version -v

–time=WORD

with -l, show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime -u, access -u, use -u, ctime -c, or status

-c; use specified time as sort key if –sort=time

–time-style=STYLE

with -l, show times using style STYLE: full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT. FORMAT is interpreted

like `date’; if FORMAT is FORMAT1FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to

recent files; if STYLE is prefixed with `posix-’, STYLE takes effect only outside the POSIX locale

-t sort by modification time

-T, –tabsize=COLS

assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8

-u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time with -l: show access time and sort by name otherwise: sort by

access time

-U do not sort; list entries in directory order

-v natural sort of (version) numbers within text

-w, –width=COLS

assume screen width instead of current value

-x list entries by lines instead of by columns

-X sort alphabetically by entry extension

-Z, –context

print any SELinux security context of each file

-۱ list one file per line

–help display this help and exit

–version

output version information and exit

SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following: KB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M

۱۰۲۴*۱۰۲۴, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.

Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and with –color=never. With –color=auto, ls

emits color codes only when standard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environment variable can

change the settings. Use the dircolors command to set it.

Exit status:

۰ if OK,

۱ if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),

۲ if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).

AUTHOR

Written by Richard M. Stallman and David MacKenzie.

REPORTING BUGS

Report ls bugs to [email protected]

GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>

General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>

Report ls translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>

<http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.

This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted

by law.

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